Despite the progress that has been made in the region to close the gaps and inequalities that affect people with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities, stigma and discrimination continue to be obstacles that affect the social inclusion and full citizenship of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and other (LGBTQ) people. In order to promote equal rights and opportunities for all LGBTQ people, it is crucial to have solid evidence that can inform policy design in the region.

This paper presents the results of an impact evaluation, with an experimental design, which estimates the effect on learning math of a remote tutoring program offered to girls and boys aged 9-14 years in three departments of El Salvador. The program used low-tech interventions such as text messages and 20-minute phone calls over an eight-week period. Remote tutoring is estimated to have had a positive and significant effect of 0.23 standard deviations, which is equivalent to a 33.2 percent acceleration in learning math, compared to the changes observed in the control group.

This paper presents the results of an impact evaluation, with an experimental design, which estimates the effect on learning math of a remote tutoring program offered to girls and boys aged 9-14 years in three departments of El Salvador. The program used low-tech interventions such as text messages and 20-minute phone calls over an eight-week period. Remote tutoring is estimated to have had a positive and significant effect of 0.23 standard deviations, which is equivalent to a 33.2 percent acceleration in learning math, compared to the changes observed in the control group.

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a cost calculation method that, when applied to the field of digital solution implementation, provides a final figure that reflects not only the cost of acquisition (buy, build or adapt) but also those related to the use, maintenance and closure of such solution. Total cost of ownership analysis is a financial estimate of all the direct and indirect costs of acquiring, commissioning, operating, maintaining and disposing of a product or system.

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a cost calculation method that, when applied to the field of digital solution implementation, provides a final figure that reflects not only the cost of acquisition (buy, build or adapt) but also those related to the use, maintenance and closure of such solution. Total cost of ownership analysis is a financial estimate of all the direct and indirect costs of acquiring, commissioning, operating, maintaining and disposing of a product or system.

This paper examines whether language classes raises refugees' language proficiency and improves their socio-economic integration. Our identification strategy leverages the opening, closing, and gradual expansion of local language training centers in Denmark, as well as the quasi-random assignment of the refugees to locations with varying proximity to a language training center. First, we show that refugees' distance from the assigned language training center is as good as random conditional on initial placement.