Primary-school students in Argentina score low in international assessments of learning, particularly in math and science. To help remedy this situation, the Inter-American Development Bank is supporting a pilot study to identify pedagogical models that will enhance learning.

This report focuses on the determinants of the first type of research output: new knowledge. There are no direct measures of this type of research output, but several proxies have been typically used. The two most important ones that we will apply during the study are (a) publications and (b) citations. The source of these two variables is the Reuters-Thomson ISI(R) National Science Indicators (2008) database on published papers and citations.

This document has been elaborated by the OECD and the IADB with the support and collaboration of the CNIC. The document is part of an effort of the CNIC to support the dynamics of innovation policy making in Chile on the basis of international good practices and peer review mechanisms. The document reviews and supports the process of strengthening institutional capacities for designing and implementing public policies for innovation in Chile.

This paper has two main objectives. First, it aims at briefly reviewing the concept of Regional Innovation System (RIS) as it has been proposed in the literature, and especially in light of the use that this notion has often had for policy purposes. Second, it reviews considerable empirical evidence from developed and developing countries available in on-line databases, papers and project documents and reports, in order to start exploring some lessons learnt from experience, and their use for the design and implementation of future policy interventions.

This paper examines the current and emerging trends in mobile health, with particular emphasis on lessons learned and on potential opportunities for Latin America to apply mobile services to health care efforts to benefit the majority of people.

Behavioral Economics is the science of evaluating psychological, cognitive, emotional, cultural and social factors and their impact on economic decisions. Enhancing our knowledge on Behavioral Sciences and their impact on public policies is a priority. The present document explores this intersection and offers 10 lessons for policy making in the social sector.

Growing exposure to risk factors in combination with low levels of access to preventive care are increasing unmet health needs. LAC has been experiencing a "nutrition transition" towards less healthy diets. Thirty to sixty percent of the region's population does not achieve the minimum recommended levels of physical activity and obesity is rising rapidly. Inadequate access to high quality health services, including clinical prevention and diagnostic services and difficult access to essential medicines are significant contributing factors to the growing burden of chronic disease.

This Breve first highlights the importance of pharmaceutical procurement policies. It then focuses on the goals of National Drug Policies. Based on these goals, it looks into the reasons for intervening in pharmaceutical markets and different forms of intervention. The subsequent sections analyze in further detail the procurement of in-patent and off-patent medicines, since there are fundamental differences in the procurement of these two medicine types.

This Breve is based on the original thesis work and on a webinar presented by Dr. Fábio Ferride-Barros regarding the "Ethics of Health Resources Allocation in the Publicly Financed Health Care System in Brazil." The perspective offered in this Breve complements a previously published issue documenting the use of health technology evaluation in decision-making in Brazil's health sector (IDB, 2015).

This Breve gives an overview of the characteristics of the pharmaceutical sector in Mexico and the main factors resulting in the decision to establish the CCPNM. It briefly discusses the legal framework of the Commission. Then, it looks at the CCPNM's objective and operations, before describingthe negotiation process. The results of the CCPNM in economic and organizational terms, as well as other positive impacts, are analyzed in the subsequent section.