An important pending issue in the pension systems in Latin America and the Caribbean is that they lack an institutional framework that facilitates their timely adaptation to the demographic change that is coming and to the potential social and fiscal tensions that this can generate. This limitation causes governments to adjust the system occasionally and delay the necessary reforms, typically at a time when technical options are very limited and action must be almost immediate. The pressure for short-term results can also imply significant sacrifices for the affected generations.

An important pending issue in the pension systems in Latin America and the Caribbean is that they lack an institutional framework that facilitates their timely adaptation to the demographic change that is coming and to the potential social and fiscal tensions that this can generate. This limitation causes governments to adjust the system occasionally and delay the necessary reforms, typically at a time when technical options are very limited and action must be almost immediate. The pressure for short-term results can also imply significant sacrifices for the affected generations.

The large magnitude and sudden nature of recent migration flows in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) impose challenges to receiving countries health systems, which have to provide care to a larger population. These challenges are magnified by the fact that recent waves of migrants are particularly vulnerable to health risks in LAC and may not have full access to healthcare.

We employ recent household surveys and population censuses to present a profile of immigrants in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a focus on economic integration. By comparing the profile of immigrants with that of the non-immigrant population we identify gaps in several dimensions such as education, informality and skill downgrading. The exercise allows us to discuss some migration-related topics that are important not only for the countries that are receiving the bulk of the Venezuelan migration but also more generally across the region.

Using longitudinal data and a Difference-in-Difference approach, this paper examines how the mass inflow of Venezuelan and Haitian migrants to Chile has influenced the learning outcomes of native students. The evidence shows negative effects on standardized test scores, especially in male students (-0.058SD). Said effects are considerably greater in Reading (-0.084SD) when examining the migration of non-Spanish speakers (mainly Haitians). When the shock is due to Venezuelan students, negative effects in Mathematics are observed equally strongly in male and female students (-0.053SD).

We study the effects of female immigration on the labor supply of Dominican-born women of different educational levels and family structures. Using individual-level data for 2003 - 2016 and exploiting geographic variation in early immigrant settlements together with time variation in female immigration inflows, we find that female immigration is associated with a decrease in the labor supply of low educated women at the intensive margin (hours worked) and with an increase in the labor supply at the intensive margin of highly educated women with family dependents (relative to

Using cross-section data and an instrumental variable approach, this paper examines the mass migration process that occurred in Chile between 2015 and 2017. Evidence indicates that this process reduced wages for less skilled native workers by around 2-3 percent, mostly impacting males. These workers are competing with more educated immigrants, suggesting a downgrading effect. Results are robust to multiple IV tests.

In 2004 the Argentine government established that immigration is a human right and launched a large regularization program that benefit almost 0.5 million people, mostly from neighboring countries, or 29% of the immigrant population. Despite a substantial normative and legal literature praising the in-form content of the legislation, little empirical research assesses its real effects. This paper exploits variation in treatment intensity across several dimensions and finds mixed results.

Popular empirical strategies that examine the labor impacts of migrants, like the skill-cell approach, are frequently used to measure the effects of immigrants from a particular skill group on native-born workers with similar skills. I use an augmented version of the skill-cell approach to examine the impacts of immigrants on native workers with similar skills but also across skill groups. I apply this approach to the case of Nicaraguan immigrants in Costa Rica. I find large positive employment and wage effects on high-skilled women arising from low-skilled migrants.